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Pardeep Kumar ¹, N. K. Pathania ¹, Parveen Sharma ¹, Nageswer Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, IN
2 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, IN

Abstract

Lettuce is a popular salad vegetable in European countries. In India its demand is also increasing. It is not possible to grow salad vegetables under open environmental conditions due to vagaries of weather. The state government in Himachal Pradesh (India) is promoting polyhouse cultivation in a very big way. But the lack of suitable cultivars under polyhouse conditions is the biggest challenge to the growers of the hilly state. Therefore, in the present study seven genotypes of lettuce viz. Red Butter Head (G₁), Ice-berg (G₂), Revolution (G₃), Dublin (G₄), Garishma (G₅), Bergamo (G₆) and Green Romaine (G₇) were evaluated in a 36 x 6 m modified naturally ventilated polyhouse having fan pad system. Maximum gross weight (826.6 g/plant) was recorded in G₂ which was statistically at par with G₄ (791.6 g/plant). Minimum gross weight per plant was found in G₇ (18836 g). Maximum net weight/plant was recorded in G₇ (631.3 g) which was statistically at par with G₂ (578.3 g), G₄ (583.6 g), G₅ (458.6 g) and G₆ (480.3 g). Lettuce genotypes also varied in quality parameters viz. chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll, starch, reducing, non-reducing and total sugars and sodium content.

Keywords

Lettuce, Polyhouse, Protected Cultivation, Salad Vegetable.

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Pardeep Kumar ¹, Shivani Rana ¹, Parveen Sharma ¹, Viplove Negi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176062, IN

Abstract

Grafting is an alternative approach used in vegetable production to fight against soil-borne diseases such as Fusarium wilt, bacterial wilt and nematodes since 1920s in Japan and Korea. Grafting as a technology for the commercial production was later on adopted by many countries in Europe, Middle East, Northern Africa, Central America and other parts of Asia. For the production of many fruit-bearing vegetables which include watermelon, cucumber, melon, tomato, eggplant and pepper, grafted seedlings were used. These seedlings besides providing resistance against biotic/abiotic stresses, increase the yield of the cultivars. This technique is considered eco-friendly for sustainable vegetable production because the resistant ischolar_mainstock reduces dependence on agrochemicals. Grafting improves quality of the plant and is used to induce resistance against low and high temperatures. Growth, yield and fruit quality of the scion is greatly influenced by the type of ischolar_mainstock used. Due to high post graft mortality of seedlings, this technology is still in infancy in India. For its commercial application in India, sharpening of grafting skills and healing environment need to be standardized.

Keywords

Grafting, Advantages, Methods, Basic Pre-Requisites, Precautions.

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Shivani Rana ¹, Pardeep Kumar ¹, Parveen Sharma ¹, Amar Singh ¹, S. K. Upadhyay ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur 176 062, IN

Abstract

Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum Sendt.) is an important commercial crop grown under protected condition in Himachal Pradesh. Being long duration under protected environment, it is the principle money spinner off-season crop. Production of bell pepper under protected conditions in the state is very low as compared to the National and International levels because of lack of suitable Cultivars and hybrids resistant to bacterial wilt. Among biotic stresses bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is the most devastating disease under protected as well as open field conditions in mid hills of HP which reduces yield of capsicum to very low levels. Numerous attempts have been made to develop bacterial wilt resistant varieties, but till date no resistant hybrid is available. The best option to overcome this problem is grafting scions of horticulturally superior hybrids on resistant ischolar_mainstocks. The study revealed that chilli ischolar_mainstock PI-201232 was the most suitable bacterial wilt resistant ischolar_mainstock of bell pepper whereas; brinjal ischolar_mainstocks were not suitable for bell pepper scions.

Keywords

Bell Pepper, Grafting, Rootstock, Scion, Bacterial Wilt, Protected Cultivation.

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Viplove Negi ¹, Pardeep Kumar ¹, Parveen Sharma ¹, Desh Raj ¹, Amar Singh ², Binny Vats ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN
2 Department of Plant Pathology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN

Abstract

An inter-specific tomato-potato graft study was undertaken in a naturally ventilated quonset polyhouse at Palampur during the autumn and winter seasons 2015. The treatments comprised of combination of two tomato hybrids [Avtar-7711 (S₁) and GS-600 (S₂)] as scions, three potato cultivars viz. Kufri Himsona (V₁), Kufri Himalini (V₂) and Kufri Giriraj (V₃) as ischolar_mainstocks and two grafting methods viz. tongue grafting (G₁) and cleft grafting (G₂). GS-600 tongue grafted on Kufri Himalini (V₂G₁S₂) resulted in maximum survival of grafted plants (93.25%) as well as grafting success rate (81.68%). Kufri Himalini (V₂) was found to be the best ischolar_mainstock for tomato scions which gave 2 maximum survival of grafted plants (87.89%) as well as grafting success rate (76.59%). Cleft grafting (G₂) resulted in maximum survival of grafted plants (84.13%) and grafting success rate (72.95%). Tomato scion GS-600 (S₂) was found to be the best scion for potato ischolar_mainstocks which resulted in a significantly higher survival of grafted plants (85.72%) and grafting success rate (73.85%) as well. Kufri Himalini+GS- 600 was the best ischolar_mainstock-scion combination giving maximum survival of grafted plants and grafting success rate irrespective of the grafting methods used. It is also concluded from the study that irrespective of the ischolar_mainstocks and grafting methods employed, scion GS-600 (S₂ always had better survival in grafted plants and a significantly higher grafting success rate at least for the three best performing treatments and grafting tomato on potato plants in compatible combinations had a significant impact on their survival.

Keywords

Pomato, Vegetable Grafting, Graft Compatibility, Inter-Specific Grafting, Solanaceae.

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Sunandini Kachru ¹, Pardeep Kumar ¹, Parveen Sharma ¹, Usha Rana ², S. K. Upadhyay ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN
2 Department of Biology & Environmental Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN
3 Department of Horticulture CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to study the response of growing media and various concentrations of IBA and cow urine on ischolar_main parameters viz., number of days to ischolar_main initiation, number of ischolar_mains per cutting, ischolar_main length (cm) and survival percentage of the stem cuttings (%). Root formation was significantly earlier in the cuttings treated with RH1C2G2 (RHl = IBA, C2 = 100 ppm and G2 = SoU) and CUCIGI (CU = Cow urine, Cl = 5% and G1 = SoiUess) i.e. 4.67 days than the non treated tomato stem cuttings. Maximum number of ischolar_mains per cutting (27.67) and longer ischolar_main length (8.73 cm) were obtained from treatment RH1C3G2 (RHl = IBA, C3 = 150 ppm and G2 = Soil). All treatments showed a significant increase in all the ischolar_main parameters except survival percentage of the stem cuttings (%).

Keywords

IBA, Cow Urine, Tomato, Stem Cuttings, Rooting.

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Parveen Sharma ¹, Mamta Kumari ¹, Vidyasagar ¹, Pardeep Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN

Abstract

An experiment was conducted in factorial randomized block design with three replications during spring-summer season 2013 at Experimental Farm, Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur to standardize the best time of stigma receptivity and optimum fruit load in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) The data indicated that for hybrid seed production of tomato under polyhouse conditions, the pollination carried out between 9.00 to 10.00 am and retaining fruit load of 20 fruits per plant, exhibited higher fruit set (65.1%), average fruit weight (64.2g), 1000-seed weight (4.20g), average seed weight per fruit (0.17g), fruit yield per plant (1496.7g), seed yield per plant (4.54g) and seed quality parameters such as germination (91.7%) and seedling vigour index (1943) as compared to the pollinations done before and after this time and retaining fruit load of 25 or 30 fruits per plant.

Keywords

Tomato, Emasculation, Pollination Time, Stigma Receptivity, Seed Quality.

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Vibhuti Sharma ¹, Pardeep Kumar ¹, Parveen Sharma ¹, Amar Singh ², Pawan Kumar Sharma ³, N. D. Negi ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur - 176 062, IN
2 Department of Pathology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur - 176 062, IN
3 Department of Entomology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur - 176 062, IN
4 Department of Horticulture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur - 176 062, IN

Abstract

Present investigation was carried out for two successive years i.e. 2016-17 and 2017-18 to study the performance of grafted tomato with respect to growth, yield and quality of tomato under polyhouse conditions at Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSKHPKV, Palampur. Sixteen different ischolar_mainstocks of tomato were grafted with scion cultivar 'GS-600'. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with three replications and cleft grafting method was used. Plants grafted on ischolar_mainstock LS-89 proved superior to other ischolar_mainstocks for days to first flowering and days to first harvest. For prolonged harvest duration plants grafted on tomato ischolar_mainstock Green Gourd found superior. Higher yield in terms of number of marketable fruits per plant, marketable fruit yield per plant and marketable fruit yield per square metre in were recorded plants grafted on tomato ischolar_mainstock Green Gourd.

Keywords

Rootstocks, Scion, Number of Marketable Fruits Per Plant, Fruit Yield Per Plant, Fruit Yield Per Square Metre.

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Parveen Sharma ¹, Manpreet Kaur ¹, Shilpa ¹, Akhilesh Sharma ¹, Neelam Bhardwaj ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN
2 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, IN

Abstract

Protected cultivation of vegetable crops was given a high priority and developed very rapidly during the past 15 years in India. Initially, vegetable cultivars commonly used for open field production were also started to grown under protected conditions. Despite various measures, many problems arose due to unfavorable ecological conditions in protected environments. Since the late 1980’s and early 1990’s, breeding of vegetable cultivars for protected conditions has been carried out by taking advantages of both conventional methods and biotechnological tools. One of the main research efforts include screening and evaluation of breeding materials for tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Another effort focused on the creation and development of new breeding materials (variety, cultivar or breeding line) for protected conditions by selection, introduction, crossing and biotechnological methods, including isolating from popular F genotypes, wide crosses, tissue and 1 cell culture, protoplast regeneration, gene transfer techniques, molecular marker assisted breeding and many other approaches. As most hydroponic cultivation and grafting tools are carried out inside the protected conditions, more cultivars adapted to this type of culture are also urgently needed.

Keywords

Breeding, Grafting, Hydroponic, Protected Cultivation, Vegetable.

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Tariq ¹, Vishal Dogra ¹, Parveen Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN

Abstract

Bell pepper has become a major vegetable crop in India and is widely produced under open as well as protected environments and yields remunerative returns. Growing hybrid bell pepper from seed is an expensive affair, hence, there is a need to find out an efficient technique of vegetative propagation of bell pepper plants. Rooting hormone IBA is the most commonly utilized plant hormone for promoting root development and generating new roots in tomato plants propagated through stem cuttings. The analysis of variance revealed that effect of different concentrations of rooting hormone (IBA), and honey on different sized stem cuttings was significant for number of days to root initiation, number of roots per cutting, total root length (cm), root volume (cm³) and survival percentage. A significant impact on the days to root initiation (10.07 days), maximum number of roots per cutting (22.20), increase in root length (166.47cm), highest survival percentage of stem cutting (75%) and maximum root volume (2.20cm³) were observed in treatment RH₁C₂S₃ (RH₁=IBA, C₂=100 ppm and S₃=15cm). All treatments resulted in a considerable improvement in all root parameters.

Keywords

IBA, Honey, Bell Pepper, Stem Cuttings, Rooting.

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Muhammad Juma ¹, Parveen Sharma ¹, Akhilesh Sharma ¹, Shilpa . ¹, Neelam Bhardwaj ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, College of Agriculture CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN

Abstract

GA and NAA affect various aspects of plant physiology, mainly vegetative, flowering and quality attributes 3 including yield. A field experiment was carried out during 2020-21 at vegetable farm of CSKHPKV, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh to evaluate the effects of foliar-applied plant growth regulators gibberellic acid (GA ) and 3 Naphthalene Acidic Acid (NAA) on tomato hybrid Palam Tomato Hybrid-1. Significant impact of GA and 3 NAA at different concentrations was observed on yield and quality parameters of tomato. Among the different treatments plant growth regulators GA @75 ppm resulted maximum number of fruits per plant, fruit weight 3 and marketable yield per plant, marketable yield per m2 area, ascorbic acid content plant height and minimum number of days to 50 % flowering.

Keywords

NAA, GA , protected, tomato, yield

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Vandana Thakur ¹, Parveen Sharma ¹, Pardeep Kumar ², Akhilesh Sharma ¹, Shilpa . ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, College of Agriculture CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176062,, IN
2 Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharmshala, IN

Abstract

The present study was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm of CSK HPKV, Palampur during the year 2019- 20 and 2020-21. The experimentation was designed in RCBD along with three replications. The data was worked out for various growth and yield of tomato and potato of pomato grafts. The outcomes of the investigation presented that maximum plant height (272.90 cm), number of fruits per cluster (8.20), fruit yield per pant (4.11 kg), tuber yield per square meter (5.44 kg), was calculated for the graft combinations i.e. K. Himalini + Rakshita, K. Himalini + PTH-1, K. Pukhraj + Avtar. Observations from the recorded data also proved that K. Jyoti+ Avtar and K. Jyoti + PTH-1 took minimum number of days for first flowering and days to harvest in case of tomato and potato i.e. 49.70 and 72.04. Hence, these graft combinations can be further recommended to grower, so they can fetch more yield from the limited land holding.

Keywords

Pomato, graft combinations, yield, growth, tomato fruits, potato tuber.

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Manpreet Kaur ¹, Parveen Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, College of Agriculture CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062,, IN

Abstract

The experimental material comprises eight parthenocarpic cucumber genotypes to study the comparative performance of these genotypes for yield and quality characteristics under protected environment. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications in spring-summer during 2020 at Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur. DDPCG1 and DDPCG4 are good performing genotypes for yield related characters taken under study. Among all genotypes, DDPCG1 had maximum fruit weight, number of fruits per plant and yield/plant. DDPCG4 took minimum days to first fruit picking and maximum harvest duration. Lowest nodal position of first female flower, maximum fruit diameter and vine length were noticed in DDPCG5. Forquality parameters, DDPCG5 had maximum pericarp thickness and TSS.

Keywords

Cucumber, gynoecious, protected, quality and yield.

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